In part 1, I intended to create a picture of economic barriers that may affect the black community in its access to business ownership. 

Education being important, especially for us – Black people – I would like to spend some time on historical events which may have shaped the way in which we interact with trading. I am sorry to use the S word here but it is a no brainer that the consequences of slavery still have an impact on our community trading capacity. 

Those who are the descendants of the triangular slave trade have been imported from Africa, sold, sometimes resold and reduced to a mere product. “It has been estimated that overall, about 12 million Africans were captured to be taken to the Americas as enslaved people (BBC Bitesize, n.d.).” So from that standpoint, after more than 400 years of not having any trading power and trying to emerge from slavery since the end of it legally speaking, I cannot understand why we should focus on anything else but healing.

For the rest of the African diaspora, things were not better. The introduction of Christianism and colonialism have left many scars amongst indigenous communities such as the loss of their languages, way of life, land, culture, family and community structure as well as their freedom to speak, love, dress, dance, eat or learn. 

I argue that we have been abused for so long that we should not ignore that we cannot build if we have nothing to give mentally, emotionally and physically. 

We must acknowledge that culture plays a huge part in the way black people feel about getting into entrepreneurship. 
And more recently the effects of the pandemic on Black businesses? (CNBC, 2021)

Have a look at the below video for more information : 

Why Black-Owned Businesses Don’t Survive – YouTube

 

How about the fact that the  ” proportion of MPs from ethnic minorities, although growing, is also lower than that of the UK’s population as a whole (Team, 2019)”? 

The last question is to be explored individually and on a wider stage because the rules and regulations are made by those who have the power to do so.  Katleen Thelen explains that in the United states those who are in power shape the experience of those who do not. The power struggle at play is not something that should be under- estemated because “financial interests influence” political outcomes in the USA. 

Where does that lead us as black people? I am glad that there are programs that intend to help us grow such as Black Ambition | Home (blackambitionprize.com) in the USA or Partnership enquiries | The Prince’s Trust (princes-trust.org.uk) in the UK but is it enough? 

Not everyone is interested in running a business but all of us need good health (mental and physical) to carry one. 

This is why I would love to see more programs offering free mental and physical health care. Not a one off care assistance but a long term structure which can be combined with trading training and financial prizes. 

No more food deserts, no more expensive private health care, no more cheap junk food with no access to the land. 

Finally, no more pollution that creates deadly diseases. 

We need care!!!

 

Thanks for reading,
Frederique 

Reference

4. www.youtube.com. (n.d.). Blood On Black Wall Street: The Legacy Of The Tulsa Race Massacre. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cqy2tG5w8JI [Accessed 25 Jul. 2021].

 

CNBC (2021). Why Black-Owned Businesses Don’t SurviveYouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV4Nq1GaIAA [Accessed 16 Apr. 2021].

 

BBC Bitesize. (n.d.). The slave trade – The triangular trade – National 5 History Revision. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zqv7hyc/revision/2.

Team, T.D.J. (2019). Election 2019: Six charts on Britain’s most diverse Parliament. BBC News. [online] 17 Dec. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-2019-50808536.

www.youtube.com. (n.d.). Rethinking American Political Economy | LSE Online Event. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lPAU8XBNu3A&t=2585s [Accessed 20 Nov. 2021].

 

 

 

The independent published that Bill Maher says Whoopi Goldberg’s suspension for Holocaust comments is “so insulting.” (The Independent, 2022)
And I totally agree with Maher’s statement. It is not only insulting but clearly discriminatory and racist to suspend Mrs Goldberg for a lack of knowledge. 
This is important to point out because the fact that Whoopi Goldberg made a mistake and corrected herself should not be a good reason to cancel her. 
The act of dismissing a public figure should be thorough in a world where Black women are rarely promoted. Hence the media industry has a duty to treat people decently because thus far there are not that many Black women on screen nor Black disabled women, for that matter. 

The Holocaust and the disabled community 

 

In order to understand why I found Mrs Goldberg dismissal outrageous we need to take a look at the fact that after the second world war; the world discovered that the Jews were not the only victims of the Nazis. The disabled community suffered greatly as a consequence to the Nazis’ determination to eliminate as many disabled people as possible too. The Eugenic theory played its part in the justification of the killings of disabled people.

(Historicengland.org.uk, 2019 )

 

Eugenic theory which promoted the elimination of the disabled and those who was categorised as impure members of the German society left the disabled community with a death toll of approximately “275,000 disabled people killed by the Nazis”(Bbc.co.uk, 2014).

 

Having said that, the “mass killing of disabled people”  during the Holocaust had set a new tone for the protection of the disabled community in the UK. This is why,  disabled people in the UK campaigned successfully for the implementation of “The 1944 Disability Employment Act” which “promised sheltered employment, reserved occupations and employment quotas for disabled people” (

Historicengland.org.uk

, 2013).

 

In a bitter sweet resolution, this gave birth to many changes that eased the way in which disabled people interact with their environment on an accessibility level in the UK. For example, “architects and planners took on the idea of implementing a ‘ universal design’ regarding the fashion of new buildings to satisfy the need for a more inclusive environment (

Historicengland.org.uk

, 2013).

 

The consequences of people believing in the Eugenic theory  were not confined to Europe only. 

 

For example in the United States of America, the little understanding of disability led to vague generalised labelling of syndromes from doctors (www.youtube.com, n.d.). The Down or Williams syndrome as well as Autism or Dementia were classified as debilitating without appropriate research about the best way to look after each individual’s  needs.

 

In order to deal with the issue of disability as a whole the government subsidised Fairview. John F. Kennedy was convinced that parents would benefit from having some sort of medical support for their disabled children. And this happened in the 1950’s, many years  after the second world war ended. Only a few could access to what they thought was an innovative and adequate solution to creating a better environment for disabled people 

(www.youtube.com,n.d)

 

Children were sent to Fairview institution but suffered from being separated from their family which can be considered as emotional abuse. Many protocols were implemented that breached human rights such as the forced sterilisation of all Fairview’s patients (www.youtube.com, n.d.).

 

Other, more severe mistreatments resulted in the death of children. 

 

Today, there are still many issues to be solved. The WHO (World Health Organization, 2021) tells us “that there are Over 1 billion people living with some form of disability” worldwide.

 

And disabled people still have so many challenges to overcome from high unemployment, to lack of access to adequate health care or racism and  discrimination, to name a few.

 

The Holocaust and other groups of people 

 

The Nazis used the same stupid and inaccurate arguments, not just to exterminate the Jews but also against people of colour and the travellers community. Indeed, “Travelling people were the second-largest group slaughtered by the Nazis. There were Roma who stood up against the Nazis, but that is not shown in the media.” (LazenbyMonday, January 27 and 2020, 2020)

 

“As many as 35 million non-Jews were killed by the Nazis in the course of the war” only to justify a fundamentally unproven and delusional ideology in order to rob, enslave, kill and create fear in Europe and beyond (Pencak Schwartz, 2019).

 

The BBC listed those who Who fought for Britain during World War II as the below: 

 

  • The British Empire and Dominions raised a total of 8,586,000 men for military service
  • More than 5,000,000 came from the British Isles
  • 1,440,500 hailed from India, while 136,000 came from South Africa
  • Of those who fought 629,000 were Canadians
  • 413,000 came from Australia and 128,500 from New Zealand
  • More than 134,000 travelled from other colonies, including some 10,000 from the Caribbean

 

The organisation Worldwar2.org.uk adds that the estimated casualties for : 

  • Germany reached just under 7.4 million.
  • Soviet soldiers it was roughly around  8.7 million 
  • British 700,000 military casualties and 60,000 civilian deaths
  • Estimated USSR losses  now stand at 26.6 million.
  • Poland’s death toll was between 5.6 and 5.8 million.
  • USA military dead is around 416,800 people

Casualties listed here include about 4 to 12 million war-related famine deaths in China, Indonesia, Vietnam, the Philippines, India that are often omitted from other compilations of World War II casualties.

 

Finally, etre republicain explains that there were an estimated of  130 000 to 500 000 Roma who have been killed during the conflict and perhaps more according to some historians and between 10 000 to 15 000 homosexuals died in the hands of the Nazis in the concentration camps. (www.estrepublicain.fr, n.d.)

 

Although, these are estimated numbers, it does not take into account the “44000 Native Americans who served on all front in the conflict” and the soldiers from Senegal, Mali, Benin, Ivory Coast, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St Pierre et Miquelon, Nouvelle Calédonie, French Guiana, French Polynesia etc…

 

Hence, Mrs Goldberg statements were inaccurate but not an act of support for Nazism.  Also, did the Jewish community have any compassion for the others who died in horrible circumstances during the second world war? You were not the only victims of the Holocaust and that is an undeniable FACT. 

 

This is why the view has lost me on this matter and I wish that they could think about the consequences of their actions when it comes to racism and discrimination. 

 

Frederique 

 

Reference 
 

The Independent. (2022). Bill Maher says Whoopi Goldberg’s suspension for Holocaust comments is “so insulting.” [online] Available at: https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/news/bill-maher-whoopi-goldberg-the-view-b2008301.html [Accessed 5 Feb. 2022].

LazenbyMonday, P., January 27 and 2020 (2020). Gypsies and travellers under continual attack. [online] Morning Star. Available at: https://morningstaronline.co.uk/article/gypsies-and-travellers-under-continual-attack.

Soldiers of the Caribbean: Britain’s forgotten war heroes. (2015). BBC News. [online] 13 May. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-32703753.

Worldwar2.org.uk

. (2013). How Many People Died In World War 2 | World War 2 Casualties. [online] Available at:

https://worldwar2.org.uk/how-many-people-died-in-world-war-2

www.estrepublicain.fr. (n.d.). Les statistiques des pertes de la Seconde Guerre mondiale varient, avec des estimations allant de 60 … [online] Available at: https://www.estrepublicain.fr/actualite/2015/05/05/les-statistiques-des-pertes-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale-varient-avec-des-estimations-allant-de-60 [Accessed 5 Feb. 2022].

Science Museum. (n.d.). Medicine in the aftermath of war. [online] Available at:

https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/medicine-aftermath-war

www.youtube.com . (n.d.). In the shadow of Fairview: full documentary. [online] Available at:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrlmlAJIV7c&t=2832s

[Accessed 7 Oct. 2021].